Introduction: Resting heart rate is central to cardiac output and is influenced by changes occurring in numerous diseases. It predicts longevity in cardiovascular diseases, and current evidence suggests that it is also an important marker of outcome in cardiovascular disease, including heart failure.
Objective: T he aim of our study was to establish the bond between heart rate and age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, chronic kidney disease and uric acid. Methods: We realized a retrospective study on 495 patients admitted in the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic from March to June 2017. Our patients were divided by sex, body mass index according to WHO, uric acid, chronic kidney disease classification according to the glomerular filtration rate, smoking status. The heart rate was considered bradycardia under 60 beats per mi-nute (bpm) for patients without treatment and under bpm for patients with beta-blocker treatment and tachycardia for more than 100 bpm. The range used for our studied parameters was from our laboratory.
Results: The impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors generally declines with aging. However, some of the risk factors remained significantly associated with incident cardiovascular disease also at old age. Tachy-cardia occurs with age, starting at 45 years old, with a maximum of incidence in the 55-64 years group age (42.9%). An elevated serum uric acid level may be re-lated to the short-term outcomes and seems to be an independent predictor. In our study, most of the tachycardic patients have normal values of the uric acid (85.7%). Tachycardic patients have a minimal impairment of renal function. Thus, most of the patients included in our study have first degree chronic kidney disease (43%). Most of the tachycardic patients are overweighed (42.9%). 66.7% of the tachycardic pati-ents enrolled in our study have high values of HbA1c, this indicating a tight correlation between the increase heart rate and diabetes. Heart rate is maintained high both in smokers and non-smokers (42.9%), in contradiction with a normal heart rate or bradycardia in smokers that quit.
Conclusions: In conclusion, tachycardia occurs with age, starting at 45 years old, with a maximum of inciden-ce in the 55-64 years group age. Most of the tachycardic patients are overweighed (42.9%), from which 66.7% have a high value of HbA1c, have normal values of the uric acid (85.7%) and first degree chronic kidney disea-se (43%). In our study we have an increased number of both smokers and non-smokers (42.9%). The data we have presented suggest that improved understanding of the relationship between heart rate, its modification, and cardiovascular health is important and potentially beneficial for patient care.